Dynamics of prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in patients receiving renal replacement therapy in the Republic of Tajikistan

Jalilzoda S.S., Yesayan A.M., Ali-Zade S.G., Murodzoda A.M., Saimukhidinov M.M., Tursunzoda R.A.

1) Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; 2) Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali Ibni Sino, Dushanbe, Tajikistan; 3) Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan; 4) National Scientific Center for Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation, Dushanbe, Tajikistan; 5) Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

Objective. Analysis of the dynamics of the number of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) receiving renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis or kidney transplantation) in the Republic of Tajikistan.
Materials and methods. The dynamics of the number of patients with ADPKD receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the Republic of Tajikistan from 2018 to 2024, demographic characteristics, the structure of etiologic factors of stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD C5), RRT methods (HD and KT), and the dynamics of the number of patients who underwent KT were studied.
Results. The number of patients with polycystic kidney disease on HD increased from 7 in 2018 to 12 in 2024, corresponding to an average annual increase of 0.83 patients and a significant upward trend (r = 0.86; p = 0.012). This increase is small in absolute numbers, but significant in relative terms (70% over 7 years). Despite fluctuations in individual years, the trend line is ascending (R²=0.74), indicating a gradual expansion of the cohort of patients with ARPKD receiving dialysis treatment. The main causes of end-stage renal disease were: chronic glomerulonephritis (56.7%), diabetic kidney disease (32.1%), chronic pyelonephritis (4.7%), urolithiasis (3.8%), ADPKD (1.1%), congenital kidney/urinary tract anomalies (0.9%), and systemic vasculitis (0.7%). Patients with polycystic kidney disease accounted for only 1.1% of the dialysis population. Despite the small proportion of ADPKD among dialysis patients, the transplant program in Tajikistan began to cover these patients as well. In 2020–2024. A total of 33 donor kidney allotransplantations were performed in patients with ADPKD, accounting for 5% of the total number of transplants performed during the same period.
Conclusion. During the study period, a clear increase in the number of patients with ADPKD requiring RRT (primarily HD) was observed, indicating improved disease detection and expanded access to dialysis. The practical conclusion of the study is a recommendation to develop related kidney transplantation for patients with ADPKD, as transplantation provides them with improved survival and quality of life.

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About the Authors

Safarkhon S. Jalilzoda – Cand.Sci. (Med.), Doctoral Candidate, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University.
Address: 6–8 Lev Tolstoy St., St. Petersburg, 197022; tel.: +7 (952) 362-54-64; e-mail: sino_doctor@mail.ru. ORCID: 0009-0005-4446-0249.
Ashot M. Yesayan – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief External Expert in Nephrology of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. Address: 6-8 Lev Tolstoy St., St. Petersburg, 197022; Tel.: +7 (921) 931-22-53;
E-mail: essaian.ashot@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-7202-3151.
Sukhrob G. Ali-Zade – Cand.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Surgical Diseases No. 1 named after Academician K.M. Kurbonov, Tajik State Medical University named after Abuali Ibni Sino. Address: 139 Rudaki Ave., Dushanbe, 734025; Tel.: (+992)-928217755; E-mail: suhrob_a@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-2456-7509, SPIN: 6854-5343.
Alisher M. Murodzoda – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Efferent Medicine and Intensive Care, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan. Address: 33 Sanoi Street, Dushanbe, 734003; Tel.: (+992) 900730110; Email: Alishermuradov@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-4786-6026.
Makhmadsafar M. Saymukhidinov – Head of the Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Department, National Scientific Center for Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. Address: 60 N. Karabaev Ave., Dushanbe, 734018; Tel.: (+992) 907589623; Email: msaymukhidinov@mail.ru.
Rustam A.Tursunzoda – Cand.Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Tajik Research Institute of Preventive Medicine. Address: 61 Shevchenko St., Dushanbe, 734025;
Tel.: (+992) 786066868; Email: trustam.art@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-5518-6258

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