New biomarkers of kidney diseases: a breakthrough in early and accurate diagnostics

Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Murkamilova Zh.A., Raimzhanov Z.R., Yusupov F.A., Yusupov A.F., Yusupova T.F., Yusupova Z.F., Baytelieva A.K.

1) Salymbekov University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 2) I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz state medical academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 3) Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia; 4) Family Medicine Center №7, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 5) N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia; 6) Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan

Kidney diseases pose a significant threat to public health worldwide, with early detection, timely intervention, and accurate monitoring being critical to prevent progression to end-stage kidney disease and improve patient outcomes. However, traditional markers of kidney disease, such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, have limitations in sensitivity and specificity in detecting early renal dysfunction. In recent years, rapid advances in molecular biology, proteomics, and metabolomics have led to the discovery of a number of new biomarkers that are gradually finding application in clinical practice. This mini-review discusses some of the emerging biomarkers of kidney disease, including cystatin C (Cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), which have become valuable tools for the early detection of renal failure, paving the way for improved clinical management and quality of patient care. Despite the enormous potential of these markers, issues such as standardization, cost-effectiveness, and large-scale validation still need to be addressed before they can be widely used. Future research should be aimed at optimizing detection methods, establishing clinical decision thresholds, and assessing the value of these markers in personalized medicine, thereby paving new avenues for accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases.

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About the Authors

Kubanych A. Aitbaev – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Consultant of the Resuscitation, Therapy and Diagnostics Department of the Multidisciplinary Medical Center «Salymbekov University». Address: 144 Bokonbaev str., Bishkek, 720040; tel.: (+996) 555-758-476; e-mail: aitbaev.kuban1940@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-039X.
Ilkhom T. Murkamilov – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy,
I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz state medical academy, Director of the Multidisciplinary Medical Center «Doc University Clinic», Salymbekov University.
Address: 92 Akhunbaev str., Bishkek, 720020; tel.: (+996) 557-221-983; e-mail: murkamilov.i@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279.
Viktor V. Fomin – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation. Address: 125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, p. 1., e-mail: fomin_vic@mail.ru. ORCID ID:0000-0002-2682-4417.
Zhamila A. Murkamilova – is a therapist at Family Medicine Center №7. Address: 720040 Bishkek, T. Moldo Street 3; phone: +999091185. e-mail: murkamilovazh.t@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0433.
Zafarbek R. Rayimzhanov – Neurologist, 29th Neurological Department, N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital. Address: 3 Hospitalnaya square, Moscow, 105094;
tel.: 8 (499) 263-55-55; e-mail: rzrmam@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-6731.
Furkat A. Yusupov – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Osh State University.
Address: 331 Lenin str., Osh, 723500; tel.: (+996) 990-999-291; e-mail: furcat_y@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653.
Abdulkhokim F. Yusupov – Teaching Assistant, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Osh State University.
Address: 331 Lenin str., Osh, 723500; tel.: (+996) 999-767-808; e-mail: furcat_y@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6449-8229.
Tursunoy F. Yusupova – Clinical Resident at the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Osh State University.
Address: Address: 331 Lenin str., Osh, 723500; tel.: (+996) 707-130-938; e-mail: yusupova_tursunoy_f@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-2203.
Zulhumor F. Yusupova – 5th-year student of the Faculty of Medicine, Osh State University. Address: 331 Lenin str., Osh, 723500; tel.: (+996) 557202071;
e-mail: furcat_y@mail.ru. ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-1128
Altynay K. Baitelieva – Cand.Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Scientific, Innovative and Clinical Work, I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz state medical academy.
Address: 92 Akhunbaev str., Bishkek, 720020; tel.: (+996) 553683144, e-mail: altynaibaitelieva.k@gmail.com. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6668-9451.

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